She had just completing a two-month sentence for an earlier refusal to testify. According to Biography. In a column for The New York Times in , she wrote that her decision stemmed from love of her country and a "sense of duty to others". Many of the leaked documents contradicted official reports, especially in relation to civilian casualties, and their release has been credited with directly contributing to the Arab Spring uprisings of In May , Manning was reported to the US government by a hacker confidant.
She was arrested the same month. Following a lengthy detention and trial, Manning was convicted by court martial in July of violating the Espionage Act by disclosing to WikiLeaks nearly , classified or otherwise sensitive military and diplomatic documents.
She was sentenced to 35 years at Fort Leavenworth prison in Kansas for six violations, including theft and computer fraud. However, she was acquitted of the most serious charge of aiding the enemy, which could have left her facing the death penalty. In , Manning, who was born male, sued the US Department of Defense, claiming it was refusing to give her medical treatment for gender dysphoria.
She tried to commit suicide on at least two occasions and went on hunger strike before being granted hormone therapy. On October 4, , while spending the first night in solitary confinement, she attempted suicide again. Support for her release continued to grow and in the waning days of President Barack Obama's presidency, , people signed a petition asking him to commute her sentence.
On January 17, , Obama did just that, cutting short Manning's remaining prison sentence, which allowed her to be freed on May 17, An administration official said she was not immediately released in order to allow for time to handle items like procuring housing.
Manning served seven years of the year sentence, with some Republicans, including Speaker of the House Paul Ryan , critiquing the act of clemency. Manning has shared her perspectives on gender identity, imprisonment and political affairs via a series of columns written for The Guardian.
Four months after her release from prison, Manning appeared in the September issue of Vogu e magazine, featuring photographs by Annie Liebovitz. Those are really foundational for me. Do and say and be who you are because, no matter what happens, you are loved unconditionally. In early , Manning announced she was challenging Maryland's two-term U. Senator Ben Cardin in the Democratic primary. Positioning herself to the left of her opponent, whom she dismissed as an establishment insider, she called for a reduced police presence in the streets and championed the idea of a universal basic income.
For Manning, who has lived in Maryland since her release from prison, the choice to run for office in "the place that I have the strongest roots and ties to out of anywhere else" was an easy one. However, her bid was considered a long shot against a popular incumbent, particularly after a pair of late-May tweets that sparked concern about her well-being. In late February , Manning revealed that she was fighting a subpoena to testify before a grand jury about her interactions with WikiLeaks.
She was taken into custody March 9, after a federal judge found her in contempt for her refusal to cooperate, and spent a month in solitary confinement in a Virginia prison before being moved into its general population. In April, after Assange was arrested in London, it was reported that Manning's subpoena for grand jury testimony stemmed from her alleged online conversations with Assange around the time she forwarded the classified documents to WikiLeaks.
Manning was released from custody on May 9 and immediately summoned to appear before a new grand jury. However, she refused to comply once again and was sent back to jail on May On March 11, , Manning was hospitalized after attempting suicide. We strive for accuracy and fairness.
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John Allen Muhammad became an infamous figure as part of a sniper team that terrorized the Washington, D. Joseph Sullivan was a Mafia hit man who was the only known person to escape from Attica. In , her court-martial began and she was imprisoned after eventually being found guilty on 20 counts. This included violations of the Espionage Act, but she was acquitted of aiding the enemy - a charge which can result in the death penalty.
In January , however, President Obama announced Manning would have her sentence commuted, and she was released from prison in May that same year. Federal prosecutors alleged in an unsealed court filing that Assange and Manning had reason to believe that leaking US military reports "would cause injury" to the country.
It followed the unsealing of an American indictment charging Assange with conspiring with Manning to gain access to a government computer as part of one of the largest compromises of classified information in US history.
British police arrested Assange at Washington's request after Ecuador revoked his seven-year asylum. Prosecutors said US military reports from the wars in Afghanistan and Iraq included information about the "identity and significance of local supporters of US and allied forces in Afghanistan. When American forces raided the compound in Pakistan where Osama bin Laden was hiding out, for example, they found a letter that showed the Al Qaeda leader was interested in copies of Pentagon documents published on WikiLeaks, the prosecutors said.
The day after her initial sentencing in , Manning said she wanted to be known as Chelsea, and was to begin transitioning into a woman. Years later, a thrilled Manning posted a pic on Twitter in October , showing her recovering in a hospital bed after undergoing gender reassignment operation. Manning explained: "After almost a decade of fighting - thru prison, the courts, a hunger strike, and thru the insurance company - I finally got surgery.
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