Faizullaeva 3 , K. Bhaskar 4 , A. Batyrbayeva 1 , R. Ryskaliyeva 1 , B. Tyussyupova 1 , A. Zhakupova 1 and M. Sarybayev 1. Corresponding Author E-mail: larissa. The constantly increasing growth in the number of cars is one of the reasons for the deterioration of the ecological situation in cities and large settlements.
The content of toxic substances in the exhaust of diesel and gasoline engines varies and depends on the type of engine and mode of operation, as well as on the quality of the fuel, the composition of the combustible mixture in the engine cylinders, speed and driving conditions, ignition system and fuel control. The number of all toxic components in the exhaust gas exceeds the maximum permissible standards by tens and hundreds of times. One of the most reliable ways to reduce the toxicity of vehicle exhaust gases and remove harmful substances is the complete oxidation of exhaust components using catalytic compositions on metal or ceramic block carriers.
The article accumulates data from the scientific literature about toxicity of different components of exhaust gases and catalytic neutralization of vehicle exhaust gases by various scientific schools. Sassykova L. R, Aubakirov Y. A, Sendilvelan S, Tashmukhambetova Z. K, Faizullaeva M. F, Bhaskar K, Batyrbayeva A.
A, Ryskaliyeva R. G, Tyussyupova B. B, Zhakupova A. Sarybayev M. Orient J Chem ;35 1. The number of cars on Earth exceeds 1 billion.
The main danger of the chemical components contained in the exhaust gases is that the components are so small that they are absorbed into the blood through the lung tissue and have a harmful effect on various human organs.
Pollution of the atmosphere leads to a decrease in oxygen and an increase in carbon dioxide, which entails a number of stable weather changes. Researches of scientists show, that from year to year the maintenance of carbonic gas in atmosphere increases. Pollution of the air basin creates a real danger to human health. The predominant symptoms are irritation of the upper respiratory tract and eyes, asthma or allergic rhinitis, bronchitis, lung cancer, respiratory tract cancer, leading to a sharp increase in rachitis and a delay in the normal development of children.
First of all, the central nervous system of a person is affected. Unlike other environmental factors, air comes into direct and rapid contact with very large, physiologically active surfaces of the human body. Every day a person inhales 15,, L of air, so even relatively small amounts of any harmful substances, long inhaled with contaminated atmospheric air, adversely affect his health and often cause various diseases.
To date, quite convincing material has been accumulated on the direct dependence of diseases of the respiratory, vision, digestion, heart, and blood vessels on the pollution of the atmosphere by the exhaust gases of motor vehicles. In general, emissions of pollutants and greenhouse gases into the atmosphere from industrial activities and transport are formed from the emissions of stationary and mobile sources. Petroleum fuels are among the main sources of environmental pollution.
Road transport emissions relate to emissions from mobile sources and are determined by emissions of vehicle pollutants during their transport operations. The aim of the article was to discuss harmful impact of exhaust gases of vehicles due to cars operation and to describe one of the promising ways of exhaust gases neutralization by means of catalysts on the blocks.
The article collected and systematized the data published in modern domestic and foreign scientific sources. Exhaust gases off-gases are the waste substances which are in the engine, they are products of oxidation and incomplete combustion of hydrocarbonic fuel. The amount of pollutants released into the atmosphere by vehicles is determined by the mass emission of gases and the composition of the exhaust gases.
It is necessary to note 3 main sources of air pollution with the toxic substances emitted by cars :. The evaporating fuel getting to a surrounding medium from the fuel system of the engine and the fuel tank.
The work carried out showed strong air pollution in the cities. The application of satellite imagery shows a significant heterogeneity in the distribution of NO in the atmosphere, with heavier NO 2 concentrating in the lower and NO in the upper layers of the atmosphere. The most dangerous consequences from the ecological point of view for the person and the nature caused by some products of combustion of fuels are given in tab. The quality of fuels has significant effect on formation of harmful emissions.
Undesirable is the presence in the fuels of large amounts of olefinic and aromatic hydrocarbons, sulfur, ash components. The qualitative and quantitative indicators of the release of harmful pollutants with exhaust gases of vehicles during their transport work are ambiguous and depend on many factors:. Therefore real quantitative assessment of emissions of pollutants and greenhouse gases in the atmosphere from the motor transport is a difficult task. Table 1: Combustion products of fuels and their environmentally harmful effect.
The main consumer of motor fuels the most common type of petroleum products is road transport. The differentiation of pollutants emitted by different modes of transport in the countries of the European Commonwealth is shown in Table 2 and Table 3. Despite the constant improvement of engines and a significant reduction in the specific consumption of fuels almost 2 times , the consumption of motor fuels over the past years has increased several fold. The consequences of air pollution by gas emissions of cars are manifested primarily at the local level.
This is due to the fact that motor transport is a specific source of pollution, which is characterized by the following features:. Low altitude emission of harmful substances, which leads to direct contact and direct effects on the person;.
The location in areas with a high population density and the degree of concentration of industrial production;. The dependence of the composition of gas emissions not only on the quality of fuel, the operating mode of the engine, but also on the parameters of the environment air temperature, altitude above sea level ;. The possibility of transforming the components of emissions and the formation of secondary, more toxic products. It is rather easier to fight against industrial sources of emissions as they are stationary, are characterized by high concentration of harmful substances and the small number of devices by means of which removal of harmful substances to the environment is carried out.
It allows to hold more effective measures for reduction and neutralization of emissions, than from numerous mobile sources. As a result, the share of vehicles in pollution of the surface layer of atmospheric air, the most important component of the biosphere, is significantly higher than from other sources. Sources of toxic substances entering the atmospheric air from aggregates and vehicle systems are spent crankcase gases and fuel fumes.
The composition of toxic emissions from various sources using petroleum fuels is presented in tab. The bulk of pollutants with the exception of sulfur oxides is emitted when internal combustion engines ICE operate. In the exhaust gases of the engine contain more than toxic chemical compounds. Of these, the following most harmful substances are taken into account:. Carbon monoxide, CO, harmful contaminant contained in the exhaust gases of the engine in the highest concentration;. Hydrocarbons HC , harmful pollutants and smog-forming substances contained in exhaust gases of the engine and in fuel evaporation of the car;.
Oxides of nitrogen, NO x , harmful pollutants and smog-forming substances contained in the exhaust gases of the engine;. Solid particles and carbon black C , harmful polluting suspended particles contained in the exhaust gases of the engine;. Lead compounds, Pb, harmful pollutants contained in engine exhaust gas when using leaded gasoline;. Benz a pyrene, a harmful carcinogenic substance contained in the composition of soot in the exhaust gases of the engine.
The interrelation of atmospheric pollution with benz a pyrene in large cities with an increasing number of lung cancer diseases is noted. Contact Us. Commercial Vehicle. About Us. Light Vehicle. Select Language. Exhaust Gases Message Regarding Your Privacy. I accept Submit Submit.
Instead, the odorless and undetectable carbon monoxide can leak into the cabin of the vehicle. If there is no ventilation from open windows, the CO fumes can cause poisoning to occupants of the vehicle.
Carbon monoxide is a poisonous gas to humans, and because it is also undetectable, it is particularly important to know the possible signs of car exhaust carbon monoxide poisoning. Exposure to carbon monoxide causes the CO to displace oxygen in your bloodstream. While you can still breathe — completely unaware you are inhaling poison — your body is essentially suffocating due to oxygen deprivation.
This type of CO poisoning happens suddenly and all at once. This could happen due to a sudden exhaust blockage that causes CO to pour into the vehicle, resulting in symptoms. Headaches are common with acute CO poisoning, and exposure to a large amount of CO in these situations can result in neurological effects and cardiac events.
This type of poisoning happens over time instead of all at once. A victim has exposure to carbon monoxide in smaller amounts regularly, and symptoms might come and go with their exposure.
However, over time, symptoms can become more pronounced, and victims might suffer permanent damage. This might occur if there is a small CO leak in a vehicle and a driver has steady, though low, exposure every time they drive. Victims of chronic poisoning often have a better prognosis than those with acute poisoning, but there can still be long-term effects.
A large enough amount of CO can cause a person to die in as quick as five minutes. In addition, a significant amount of CO can cause a person to lose consciousness, which makes them unaware that they are suffering poisoning and increases the chances of death.
If a person driving a car falls unconscious due to CO poisoning, they will likely crash, which can also be deadly. Unborn children are particularly susceptible to fatal CO poisoning, as their blood cells absorb carbon monoxide faster than fully formed cells. If a pregnant woman suffers carbon monoxide poisoning, there is a high likelihood of miscarriage or fetal death. Even if someone survives carbon monoxide poisoning in their vehicle, they can suffer long-term effects. Even with treatment, carbon monoxide poisoning can result in a lifetime of impairments and other effects that can change your life.
The law allows injury victims to file claims to seek compensation for their losses from liable parties. In addition, family members that lose a spouse, parent, or child can also file a claim for wrongful death to seek financial recovery. While no amount of money will ever turn back the clock and eliminate your injuries or your tragic loss, it can help you move forward in a better position and with a sense of justice.
First, you must identify the nature of the exhaust malfunction, such as catalytic converter issues or a blocked exhaust pipe, to determine whether someone might be responsible for causing it.
Any of these parties might cause your carbon monoxide exposure, and you want to file claims against the proper ones. Knowing your rights following CO poisoning in your car can be challenging or even impossible, especially if you have little knowledge of car exhaust systems or the law regarding personal injury claims.
The best course of action is to consult with a Texas CO poisoning lawyer who handles these types of cases. This is especially important if the injuries were serious or someone has lost their life as a result of the incident.
Car manufacturers, mechanic shops, and their insurance companies are ready to aggressively defend against any claims that they have, and they will not hesitate to deny your claim or attempt to settle your case for far less than it is actually worth. There are many ways that an experienced lawyer can help the victims of CO poisoning protect their legal rights. We discuss some of the most important in detail below.
Not every instance of carbon monoxide poisoning entitles victims to compensation. Negligence occurs when a person fails to use the degree of care that someone would ordinarily use in similar circumstances. Furthermore, if the CO poisoning was due to a vehicle or equipment defect, you may also have a claim under a theory of strict liability.
Does CO affect driving ability? Studies show that elevated CO in the body interferes with driving skills. At high carbon monoxide concentrations CO intoxication occurs and severely impairs driving ability. People suffering from CO intoxication think slowly and irrationally, are confused, and are unable to safely operate a motor vehicle.
Because they do not realize they are impaired, the condition is extremely dangerous. Prepared by T. Greiner, Ph. Extension Agricultural Engineer. Engineering or Technology? Carbon Monoxide Poisoning: Vehicles AEN The lethal consequences of CO in engine exhaust is tragically illustrated by the hundreds of persons who die each year from carbon monoxide poisoning caused by a running vehicle inside a closed garage. What causes carbon monoxide poisoning from vehicles? Operating a vehicle with a defective exhaust system.
Operating a vehicle with a defective emission system or poorly tuned engine.
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